• Genocide Convention (1948):
https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/Genocide%20Convention-FactSheet-ENG.pdf
Defines genocide and obligates states to prevent and punish it.
• Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/2024-05/Rome-Statute-eng.pdf
Treaty establishing the International Criminal Court and defining major international crimes.
• UN Charter
https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/full-text?utm
Founding treaty of the United Nations establishing its structure and principles.
• Geneva Conventions (1949)
https://www.icrc.org/sites/default/files/external/doc/en/assets/files/publications/icrc-002-0173.pdf
Core international treaties protecting civilians, prisoners of war, and the wounded during war.
• Additional Protocol I (1977)
https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/assets/treaties/470-AP-I-EN.pdf
Expands protections for civilians in international armed conflicts.
• Additional Protocol II (1977)
https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/apii-1977
Sets humanitarian rules for non-international (internal) armed conflicts.
• Customary International Humanitarian Law (ICRC)
https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/customary-ihl
Compilation of customary wartime rules recognized by international law.
• Dolus Specialis in Genocide Law
https://www.icj-cij.org/case/91/judgments
https://www.un.org/en/genocide-prevention/definition
The specific intent required to prove the crime of genocide.
• Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
https://www.globalr2p.org/what-is-r2p/
International principle that states must protect populations from mass atrocities.
• Laws of Armed Conflict (LOAC)
https://www.icrc.org/sites/default/files/external/doc/en/assets/files/other/intro_final.pdf
https://media.defense.gov/2023/Jul/31/2003271432/-1/-1/0/DOD-LAW-OF-WAR-MANUAL-JUNE-2015-UPDATED-JULY%202023.PDF
Legal framework regulating how wars are conducted and protecting civilians.