McMahon-Hussein Correspondence (1915–1916)
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/angap04.asp
Britain appears to promise Arab independence across much of the region in exchange for the Arab Revolt against the Ottomans, with Palestine’s inclusion disputed and never resolved.
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916)
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/sykes.asp
Secret Anglo-French agreement dividing the post-Ottoman Middle East into British and French spheres of influence, contradicting promises made separately to both Arabs and Jews.
Balfour Declaration (1917)
https://www.gov.il/en/pages/the-balfour-declaration-29-0ct-2017
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/balfour.asp
Britain supports establishing a Jewish national home in Palestine.
League of Nations Mandate for Palestine (1922)
https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-201057/
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/palmanda.asp
The League of Nations gives Britain authority to administer Palestine and implement the Jewish national home policy.
Peel Commission Report (1937)
Palestine Peel Commission Report (1937).pdf
The first formal British proposal to partition Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, concluding the Mandate was unworkable due to irreconcilable Arab and Jewish aspirations.
British White Paper of 1939
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/brwh1939.asp
British White Paper of 1939.pdf
Britain restricts Jewish immigration to 75,000 over five years and severely limits Jewish land purchases, widely seen as a reversal of the Balfour commitments.
UN Partition Plan — UN General Assembly Resolution 181 (1947)
https://www.un.org/unispal/data-collection/general-assembly/
https://www.gov.il/en/pages/un-general-assembly-resolution-181
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/res181.asp
The UN proposes dividing Palestine into Jewish and Arab states.
Israeli Declaration of Independence (1948)
https://www.gov.il/en/pages/declaration-of-establishment-state-of-israel
https://main.knesset.gov.il/en/about/pages/declaration.aspx
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp
Israel formally declares itself an independent state.
1949 Armistice Agreements (Green Line)
https://www.gov.il/en/pages/1949-1967-armistice-lines
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/21st_century/arm04.asp
Ceasefire agreements end the 1948 war and set temporary borders.
PLO Charter (1964, revised 1968)
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/plocov.asp
The founding document of the PLO, calling for the elimination of Israel; its key clauses were formally renounced by Arafat in his 1993 letter to Rabin ahead of Oslo.
UN Security Council Resolution 242 (1967)
https://www.gov.il/en/pages/un-security-council-resolution-242
https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/90717
Calls for Israeli withdrawal from territories and recognition of all states’ right to peace.
UN Security Council Resolution 338 (1973)
https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/93466?v=pdf
https://unsco.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/s_res_3381973.pdf
Demands a ceasefire and implementation of Resolution 242.
Camp David Accords (1978)
https://ecf.org.il/issues/issue/181
https://www.peaceau.org/uploads/camp-david-accords-egypt-1978.pdf
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/21st_century/campdav.asp
Framework agreement that led to peace between Egypt and Israel.
Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty (1979)
https://www.gov.il/en/pages/peace-with-egypt
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/21st_century/isregypt.asp
The first full peace treaty between Israel and an Arab state, establishing normalized relations and Israeli withdrawal from Sinai.
Hamas Charter (1988)
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp
Hamas founding document calling for the destruction of Israel and framing the conflict in explicitly jihadist and antisemitic terms.
Oslo Accords (1993–1995)
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1993-2000/oslo
https://content.ecf.org.il/files/M00261_TheIsraeli-PalestinianInterimAgreement-EnglishText.pdf
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/21st_century/isrplo.asp
Israel and the PLO recognize each other and establish Palestinian self-rule.
Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty / Wadi Araba (1994)
https://www.gov.il/en/pages/israel-jordan-peace-treaty
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/jordan_treaty.asp
The second full peace treaty between Israel and an Arab state, establishing diplomatic relations and resolving border and water rights disputes.
Arab Peace Initiative (2002)
https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/11-03.2002-The-Arab-Peace-Initiative.pdf
The Arab League offers Israel full normalization with all Arab states in exchange for full withdrawal to 1967 lines, a Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital, and a just solution to the refugee issue.
Hamas Political Document (2017)
https://palwatch.org/storage/documents/hamas%20new%20policy%20document%20010517.pdf
Hamas issues a revised document appearing to accept a Palestinian state within 1967 borders without recognizing Israel, while the 1988 charter remained formally in force.
Abraham Accords (2020)
https://www.state.gov/the-abraham-accords
https://www.gov.il/files/mfa/amanot/0t00103dl3tz1.pdf
https://www.gov.il/en/pages/the-abraham-accords-declaration-15-dep-2020
Normalization agreements between Israel and several Arab states.